Planetary nebulae and ALMA     

P. J. Huggins 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2008,313(1-3):215-221

Our understanding of the late evolution of intermediate mass stars (∼1–8M_⊙) through the planetary nebula phase is undergoing major developments. Observations at infrared and millimeter wavelengths have revealed important components of neutral gas and dust in the nebulae that directly trace their formation from mass-loss on the Asymptotic Giant Branch. At the same time, high resolution imaging, especially with the Hubble Space Telescope, has revealed a surprising array of structures in the nebulae: multiple arcs, tori, jets, and myriads of small scale fragments. None of these are fully understood, and all involve the neutral gas component. This paper highlights recent observations of these structures and discusses the open questions, with an emphasis on those areas where observations with ALMA are likely to make important contributions.  相似文献   

利用钾长石粉体水热合成13X沸石分子筛的晶化过程   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

章西焕  马鸿文  白峰 《现代地质》2007,21(3):584-590

实验研究了以钾长石粉体为原料水热合成13X沸石分子筛的晶化过程,确定了晶化过程的诱导期、晶化期和沸石晶体的平均生长速率。以钾长石焙烧熟料为前驱物合成13X沸石,反应混合物首先转变为铝硅酸钠（钾）凝胶,再逐步水热晶化为13X沸石;在反应物未完全转变为铝硅酸钠（钾）凝胶之前,13X沸石已开始结晶。13X沸石晶体的生成主要发生在凝胶相内部,是凝胶结构逐步趋于有序化的过程。13X沸石晶体生成是由凝胶相内的[TO₄]四面体相互连接,互套构成笼状结构。推测13X沸石形成机理为：硅酸根离子和铝酸根（+铁酸根）离子发生聚合反应,生成次级结构单元双六元环;双六元环进一步缩合,生成方钠石型笼;最后,方钠石型笼进一步相互联结,生成13X型沸石分子筛的硅铝骨架结构。  相似文献   

反映煤储层渗透性的参数之一——块煤率   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张慧 《煤田地质与勘探》2001,29(6):21-22

煤储层的渗透性在很大程度上取决于煤体结构,煤体的整体结构决定煤炭筛分试验所获得的块煤率,所以块煤率可以从整体上反映煤储层的渗透性。辽中地区几个矿区煤储层块煤率与渗透率有很好的相关性,为块煤率作为评价煤储层的参数之一,提供了一个实例。   相似文献   

湖南湘潭锰矿锰钾矿-天然氧化物八面体分子筛(OMS-2)在HRTEM下的微结构特征研究     

高翔  鲁安怀  郑辙  贾欣欣 《矿物岩石》2005,25(3):52-57

在对湖南湘潭锰矿次生氧化带中天然锰钾矿鉴定的基础上．采用HRTEM对该地区结晶程度差、呈隐晶质集合体的天然锰钾矿微结构进行研究．结果表明：Mn，K，O为样品的主要元素．还含少量Cu，Si．Al，Mg，Fe等杂质元素；锰钾矿表现出一维针状的纳米晶，大多数纳米晶的宽度〈100nm；对选区电子衍射（SAED）计算d值并指标化．确定是锰钾矿，而电子衍射所表现出的弥散环、衍射斑点圆弧化和拉长，均表明该地区样品结晶度差、具有超结构和一定择优取向的特征，这与锰钾矿呈一维针状纳米晶的特征相一致。在锰钾矿的晶格像中，普遍存在晶格畸变、位错缺陷和超结构现象。因此，结晶度较差、颗粒细小至纳米级、结构的有序度较低等是该地区锰钾矿的主要特点。  相似文献   

Molecular refraction in the Earth's mantle     

Sŀawomir Maj 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1982,120(3):538-547

The Drude law (molecular refraction) for the temperature radiation in a monoatomic model of the Earth's mantle is derived. The considerations are based on the Lorentz electron theory of solids. The characteristic frequency (or eigenfrequency) of independent electron oscillators (in energy units, ) is identified with the band gapE _G of a solid. The only assumption is that solid material related to the Earth's mantle has the mean atomic weight A21 g/mole, and its energy gap (E _G) is about 9 eV. In this case the value of molecular refraction (in cm³/g) is (n ²–1)/=0.5160.52, where andn are the density and the refractive index at wavelength _D=0.5893 m (sodium light), respectively. The average molecular refraction of important silicate and oxide minerals with A21, obtained byAnderson andSchreiber (1965) from laboratory data, is , where denotes the mean arithmetic value calculated from three principal refractive indices of crystal. For the rock-forming minerals with 19A<24 g/mole the new relation was found byAnderson (1975).  相似文献   

应变-水位相关斜率异常与地震的关系研究     

蒋靖祥  唐小勇 《大地测量与地球动力学》1999,19(4):68-74

利用回归分析求解乌鲁木齐台同一钻孔内应变和水位的相关斜率,并用筛选法方差判定其异常,研究相关斜率和地震的关系。结果表明： ①４ 个元件同时出现相关斜率异常时有震率高;②相关斜率正异常映震效果好;③相关斜率属短临异常范畴;④相关斜率异常映震能力具有地区差异性。  相似文献   

Molecular iodine reduction by natural and model organic substances in seawater     

Victor W. Truesdale  George W. Luther III 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1995,1(1):89-104

The reactivity of 2 µM molecular iodine in seawater toward various organic compounds containing aromatic, -keto, amino, olefinic and sugar functional groups was investigated. More detailed studies have been made of the reduction kinetics with salicylic acid, -ketoglutaric acid and the polypeptide oxidized glutathione, particularly to establish whether variation over the pH range 4–9 would provide a similar reduction reactivity or fingerprint to that of molecular iodine added to natural seawater. The data indicates that compounds with only one functional group react with first order kinetics whereas compounds with multiple functional groups show more complex behaviour. Kinetic and thermodynamic modelling indicates that HOI is the main iodine species reacting with organic matter at seawater pH of 8.2. Based on the pH fingerprints, peptides and compounds containing carbonyl or -keto groups are the key reductants of molecular iodine added to seawater. These compounds form C-I and N-I bonds which can allow for a rich organic iodine chemistry in seawater. The model compound results are discussed in relation to oceanic processes.  相似文献   

The effects of phase fractionation on the composition of oils, condensates and gases   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ger W. van Graas  Ann Elin Gilje  Timothy P. Isom  Liv Aase Tau 《Organic Geochemistry》2000,31(12)

The effects of phase fractionation on the composition of oils, condensates and gases have been studied in the laboratory by a differential evaporation experiment. The experiment was designed to simulate the behaviour of a single-charge petroleum during (upward) migration or in a reservoir undergoing uplift, scenarios thought to be typical for the Norwegian continental shelf. After each pressure reduction step, samples from all phases (oil, condensate, free and associated gas) were collected and analysed. The results show that, in general, small molecules are preferentially enriched in the gas phase, both at elevated pressure and temperature and under standard conditions (15°C, 1 bar). The solvent power of the gas phase for large molecules is drastically reduced at lower pressures (here below approx. 300 bar). Carbon isotope ratios of individual compound are not affected, while variations in isotope ratios of fractions can be explained by changes in the fraction compositions. Individual geochemical parameters behave as can be expected based on the molecular size and structure of the compounds involved. However, a generally valid, quantitative prediction of how geochemical parameters vary as a result of phase fractionation is very difficult, as this will depend not only on the pressure and temperature of fractionation, but also on the composition and amounts of the oil and gas that are involved. The observations from this study confirm the importance of phase fractionation as an important process to consider when interpreting geochemical data for both condensates and oils.  相似文献   

皖西霞石正长岩合成沸石分子筛及提钾的实验研究   总被引：22，自引：4，他引：18  

杨静  马鸿文  王英滨  戚洪彬 《现代地质》2000,14(2):153-157

合成沸石因具有优异的吸附及离子交换性能而备受关注。本实验以皖西地区霞石正长岩为主要原料 ,成功地合成了 13 X型沸石分子筛 ,母液经蒸发、分离 ,制得了白炭黑及碳酸钾 ,表明霞石正长岩具有巨大的潜在综合利用价值。合成沸石、白炭黑和碳酸钾的成分、结构及性能分析表明 ,3种产品均达到了国家或化工行业标准。基于此 ,对工艺技术可行性作了分析评价  相似文献   

Mössbauer and molecular orbital study of chlorites     

A. Lougear  M. Grodzicki  C. Bertoldi  A. X. Trautwein  K. Steiner  G. Amthauer 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2000,27(4):258-269

The different Fe²⁺ lattice sites in iron-rich chlorites have been characterized by Mössbauer spectroscopy and molecular orbital calculations in local density approximation. The Mössbauer measurements were recorded at 77?K within a small velocity range (±3.5?mm?s^?1) to provide high energy resolution. Additionally, measurements were recorded in a wider velocity range (±10.5?mm?s^?1) at temperatures of 140, 200, and 250?K in an applied field (7?T) parallel to the γ-beam. The zero-field spectra were analyzed with discrete Lorentzian-shaped quadrupole doublets to account for the Fe²⁺ sites M1, M2, and M3 and with a quadrupole distribution for Fe³⁺ sites. Such a procedure is justified by the results obtained from MO calculations, which reveal that different anion (OH^?) distributions in the first coordination sphere of M1, M2, and M3 positions have more influence on the Fe²⁺ quadrupole splitting than cationic disorder. The spectra recorded in applied field were analyzed in the spin-Hamiltonian approximation, yielding a negative sign for the electric field gradient (efg) of Fe²⁺ in the M1, M2, and M3 positions. The results of the MO calculations are in quantitative agreement with experiment and reveal that differences in the quadrupole splittings (ΔE _Q ), their temperature dependence and in the isomer shifts (δ) of Fe²⁺ in M1, M2, and M3 positions can theoretically by justified. Therefore, the combined Mössbauer and MO investigation shows that the three Fe²⁺ lattice sites in the chlorites investigated here can be discriminated according to their ΔE _Q -δ parameter pairs. With the calculated average iron-oxygen bond strength, the MO study provides an explanation for the observed trend that the population of the three lattice sites by Fe²⁺ increases according to the relation M1?相似文献